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Audemars Piguet Replica watches As a result of these changes, by the 14th Century Murano had established itself as the principal glass *** center of Europe, and enjoyed a virtual monopoly on artistic glass wares and glass jewelry. Throughout the 15th and 16th Centuries, Murano glass maintained it dominant position. Most fine glassware in Europe came from Murano. It wasnt until the 17th Century that the situation started to change. Portugal, followed by Spain, Holland and England, had started to explore the new world, establishing colonies all over the globe. It was a situation that led to Venice losing much of it importance as the traditional trading post between East and West, and the effects where also felt by the Murano glassmakers.Venice economy was more dependent on it manufactured goods. Much effort was made to preserve the leading position of the Murano glassmakers. The Renaissance, and later colonization, had brought with it an increase in wealth throughout Europe, there was a greater demand for artistic glassware. But there were also many new producers serving the market. Murano lost it status as the place were nearly all artistic glass was made, but remained the most important, and the finest producer. In fact, the competition from many newer and smaller operations appears to have motivated Murano into continuous improvements of it technique and quality, they concentrated on staying remaining the best.But in 1797 a bombshell arrived. Venice was occupied by Napoleon Bonaparte, bringing to an end a thousand years of independence. The institutions were dismantled and the guilds shut down.Audemars Piguet Replica watches By 1804 control of the city had passed to the house of Hamburg, who imposed impossible taxes on Murano glass as favor to their own Bohemian glass works.It nearly saw the end of Murano glass ***. In 1800 there had been 24 furnaces supplying Murano glass makers, by 1820 only a handful remained. There were no more guilds, no special status for Master glass workers, and all the notable companies closed their doors. The glass *** business had been defeated, but the glass makers themselves remained, the tight community of Murano with it 600 year history closed it ranks. They kept their heads down and concentrated on preserving their skills for future generations.Fortunately, they didnt have to wait too long Audemars Piguet Replica watches.